Contracting: what is it + download table D.И. Fertman's vodka
Contraction is the decrease in the total volume of two liquids when they are mixed.
The table from the word file will be useful to all those who need to calculate how much "output" will be obtained from a particular product, for example, from a liter of alcohol and a liter of water, not 2 liters of the mixture are obtained, but less.
Read more about contractions
The reason for the contracting of, for example, an alcohol-water mixture is the addition of several water molecules by alcohol, but not in the form of a chemical compound, but in the form of physical retention due to the forces of interaction of the electric fields of the molecules.
As a result, the size of the molecule increases and the density of the solution increases. One molecule of alcohol attaches different numbers of water molecules at different alcohol concentrations, and the greatest compression of the mixture occurs at an alcohol content of about 46%.
When alcohol is diluted, the mixture heats up, and this is known to be a sign of a chemical reaction. Water is attached to alcohol, with the formation of hydrates. The bond is non-covalent, but quite strong.
Due to the bonding, the molecules of water and alcohol come closer to each other, and therefore, the liquid is compacted - the volume decreases. The reaction is complete in about a day, so freshly diluted alcohol is a bit harsh.
Update: 20.04.2019
Category: Vodka an Moonshine